Way more detail than you probably want can be found in this document from the ACGME about what the requirements are for a psychiatry residency program .

Just trying to cut and paste some of the important points:

4 months of primary care medicine. 2 months of neurology.

Inpatient Psychiatry: six but no more than 16
months full-time equivalent of inpatient psychiatry
of which there must be a minimum of six months of
significant responsibility for the assessment,
diagnosis, and treatment of general psychiatric
patients who are admitted to traditional psychiatry
units, day hospital programs, research units,
residential treatment programs, and other settings

Outpatient Psychiatry: 12 month full-time equivalent
organized, continuous, and supervised clinical
experience in the assessment, diagnosis, and
treatment of outpatients with a wide variety of
disorders and treatment modalities, with experience
in both brief and long-term care of patients. Each
resident must have significant experience treating
outpatients longitudinally for at least one year

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: two month fulltime
equivalent organized clinical experience

Geriatric Psychiatry: one month full-time equivalent
organized experience focused on the specific
competencies in areas that are unique to the care
of the elderly. These include the diagnosis and
management of mental disorders in patients with
multiple comorbid medical disorders, familiarity with
the differential diagnosis and management
(including management of the cognitive
component) of the degenerative disorders, an
understanding of neuropsychological testing as it
relates to cognitive functioning in the elderly, and
the unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
considerations encountered in the elderly, including
drug interactions

Addiction Psychiatry: one month full-time equivalent
organized experience focused on the evaluation
and clinical management of patients with substance
abuse/dependence problems, including dual
diagnosis. Treatment modalities should include
detoxification, management of overdose,
maintenance pharmacotherapy, the use of
psychological and social consequences of addiction
in confronting and intervening in chronic addiction
rehabilitation used in recovery stages from precontemplation
to maintenance, and the use of selfhelp groups

Consultation/Liaison: two month full-time equivalent
in which residents consult under supervision on
other medical and surgical services.

Forensic Psychiatry: This experience must expose
residents to the evaluation of forensic issues such
as patients facing criminal charges, establishing
competency to stand trial, criminal responsibility,
commitment, and an assessment of their potential
to harm themselves or others. This experience
should include writing a forensic report. Where
feasible, giving testimony in court is highly
desirable.

Emergency Psychiatry: This experience must be
conducted in an organized, 24-hour psychiatric
emergency service, a portion of which may occur in
ambulatory urgent-care settings, but not as part of
the 12-month outpatient requirement. Residents
must be provided experiences in evaluation, crisis
evaluation and management, and triage of
psychiatric patients. On-call experiences may be a
part of this experience, but no more than 50%.

Community Psychiatry: This experience must
expose residents to persistently and chronically-ill
patients in the public sector, (e.g., community
mental health centers, public hospitals and
agencies, and other community-based settings).
The program should provide residents the
opportunity to consult with, learn about, and use
community resources and services in planning
patient care, as well as to consult and work
collaboratively with case managers, crisis teams,
and other mental health professionals.

Addiction, Community, Forensic, and Geriatric
psychiatry requirements can be met as part of the
inpatient requirements above the minimum six
months, and/or as part of the outpatient
requirement

Thank you very much DrDave